Paper II · Part B — Polity

The Preamble

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Concept

The Preamble is the introduction to the Constitution and states its objectives and the source of its authority — the people of India. It declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.

The words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976).

Key Points & Formulas

Begins with 'We, the People of India' — source of authority is the people.
Key words: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
Objectives: Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
'Socialist' and 'Secular' added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.

Worked Example

Q. Which words were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment?

The 42nd Amendment (1976) modified the Preamble.

It added the words 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity'.

So the Preamble now reads 'Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic'.

Common traps

Reading the prompt too quickly and missing a qualifier.
Memorising the result without checking when it applies.
Skipping units, signs, chronology or the final reasonableness check.

NDA shortcuts

State the governing rule before substituting values.
Eliminate impossible options before doing full calculation.

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4 NDA questions

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Question 1

NDA Practice 2026

According to the Preamble, India is a

Question 2

NDA I 2021

With regard to the Constitution of India, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Question 3

NDA I 2026

Consider the following statements:

I. The Constitution of India mentions that the Speaker has the power to adjourn both the Houses sine die.

II. On prorogation, it is only the Speaker who can summon the Houses.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Question 4

NDA Practice 2026

The constitutional head of the Indian State (Head of State) is the

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