Core5 mapped NDA questions
Build the idea
Build exam-ready understanding by connecting the core idea, formulas or facts, worked example and previous NDA questions. Focus on why each rule works, then test it under timed conditions.
Concept
Fundamental Rights (Part III) are justiciable rights guaranteed to citizens against state action. Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A) are moral obligations of citizens, added by the 42nd Amendment.
Fundamental Rights are the most-asked Polity topic.
Key Points & Formulas
- Six Fundamental Rights: Equality, Freedom, Against Exploitation, Freedom of Religion, Cultural & Educational, Constitutional Remedies.
- Right to Property was removed as a Fundamental Right (now a legal right, Article 300A).
- Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), originally ten, now eleven.
- Fundamental Rights are enforceable by the courts; Duties are not.
Worked Example
Q. How do Fundamental Rights differ from Fundamental Duties?
Fundamental Rights are justiciable — enforceable through the courts.
Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable moral obligations.
Rights protect the citizen; duties remind the citizen of responsibilities.