Build the idea
The freedom movement is a recurring GAT source. Anchor preparation around phases: early associations, moderate–extremist politics, mass Gandhian movements, revolutionary activity, constitutional negotiations and the transfer of power.
Concept
The freedom struggle, led largely by the Indian National Congress, used both moderate and mass movements to win independence in 1947. Key phases include the Swadeshi movement, Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India.
Mass mobilisation under Gandhi defined the later phase.
Key Points & Formulas
- Indian National Congress founded in 1885.
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and Civil Disobedience / Dandi Salt March (1930).
- Quit India Movement launched in 1942 ('Do or Die').
- India gained independence on 15 August 1947.
Worked Example
Q. Why was the 1930 Dandi March significant?
Gandhi marched to the coast to make salt, breaking the British salt law.
It launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
It became a powerful symbol of non-violent mass protest.